(Excerpted from Chapter Two of OUT OF THE CRISIS by W. Edwards
Deming )
1. Create constancy of purpose toward improvement of product and
service, with the aim to become competitive and to stay in business, and
to provide jobs.
2. Adopt the new philosophy. We are in a new economic age. Western
management must awaken to the challenge, must learn their
responsibilities, and take on leadership for change.
3. Cease dependence on inspection to achieve quality. Eliminate the
need for inspection on a mass basis by building quality into the product
in the first place.
4. End the practice of awarding business on the basis of price tag.
Instead, minimize total cost. Move toward a single supplier for any one
item, on a long-term relationship of loyalty and trust.
5. Improve constantly and forever the system of production and
service, to improve quality and productivity, and thus constantly
decrease costs.
6. Institute training on the job.
7. Institute leadership The aim of supervision should be to help
people and machines and gadgets to do a better job. Supervision of
management is in need of overhaul as well as supervision of production
workers.
8. Drive out fear, so that everyone may work effectively for the
company
9. Break down barriers between departments. People in research,
design, sales, and production must work as a team, to foresee problems
of production and in use that may be encountered with the product or
service.
10. Eliminate slogans, exhortations, and targets for the work force
asking for zero defects and new levels of productivity. Such
exhortations only create adversarial relationships, as the bulk of the
causes of low quality and low productivity belong to the system and thus
lie beyond the power of the work force.
11a. Eliminate work standards (quotas) on the factory floor.
Substitute leadership.
b. Eliminate management by objective. Eliminate management by
numbers, numerical goals. Substitute leadership.
12a. Remove barriers that rob the hourly worker of his right to joy
of workmanship. The responsibility of supervisors must be changed from
sheer numbers to quality.
b. Remove barriers that rob people in management and in engineering
of their right to joy of workmanship. This means abolishment of the
annual merit rating and of management by objective
13. Institute a vigorous program of education and self-improvement.
14. Put everybody in the company to work to accomplish the
transformation. The transformation is everybody's job.
Excerpted with permission from OUT OF THE CRISIS, copyright (c) 1986
by the W. Edwards Deming Institute, Washington, DC.
Published by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Center for
Advanced Educational Study (MIT-CAES), Cambridge, MA 02139
